1. Problem

Public fireworks contribute to various risks and negative impacts, including:

• Environmental Pollution: Production of harmful air pollutants, particularly fine dust, which locally exceeds WHO standards.
• Health Hazards: Severe injuries, such as loss of eyesight or limbs, placing strain on public health services.
• Operational Strain: Increased workload and costs for police, fire, and public safety services.
• Psychological Impact: Fear and post-traumatic stress for refugees with war-related trauma.
• Animal Welfare: Significant stress and fear for various animal species.
• Littering: Accumulation of trash in public and natural spaces.

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2. Safety Concept

2.1 Prevention

1. Compliance with Regulations:
   • All entities involved in the production, sale, transport, or use of Class 1 dangerous goods (including fireworks) must comply with UN recommendations and other relevant international and national regulations.
   • A documented safety concept must be available for review by public authorities and signed by a responsible individual.
2. Product and Packaging Standards:
   • Products, packaging, and, where applicable, transport vehicles must be clearly labeled in accordance with UN and other international regulations.
3. Regional Oversight:
   • Regional authorities must regulate and approve the production, sale, transport, and use of Class 1 dangerous goods.
   • Approvals will be granted only when safety concepts meet stringent criteria to protect human life, animals, and the environment while minimizing fire spread risks.
4. Fire Spread Risks:
   • If fire spread risks cannot be mitigated, the extra risk must be managed by a commercial fire service.
   • For public-interest events such as local festivals, public safety services may assume this responsibility.

2.2 Resilience

1. Risk Mitigation for Affected Populations:
   • Ensure resources for mental health support to alleviate fear and trauma for vulnerable populations, including refugees and animal welfare concerns.
   • Provide public awareness campaigns on minimizing risks and promoting safe practices during fireworks events.
2. Infrastructure Adaptation:
   • Designate safe zones for firework displays to reduce harm to animals, humans, and the environment.
   • Implement rapid cleanup protocols to address litter and waste.

2.3 Intervention

1. Public Safety Notification:
   • Authorities must be informed of all activities involving the production, sale, transport, or use of Class 1 dangerous goods in their jurisdiction.
2. Enhanced Safety Requirements:
   • Public safety services can demand stricter safety standards if existing measures are deemed insufficient.
3. Exemptions for Low-Risk Deliveries:
   • Deliveries of Class 1.6 goods below thresholds set by UN and other international regulations are exempt from prior approval.

3. Legal Requirements

1. International Standards:
   • Adherence to the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods and relevant international protocols is mandatory.
2. National and Regional Compliance:
   • Producers, distributors, and users must follow applicable national and regional regulations regarding Class 1 dangerous goods.
3. Liability and Enforcement:
   • Authorities must ensure compliance through regular audits and enforcement mechanisms, including penalties for violations.